Electric motor



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. G. LINDBERG. ELECTRIC MOTOR Patented June29,1897.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. G" LINDBERG.

ELECTRIC MOTOR. No. 585.527. Patented June 29,1897.

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WITNESSES INVgTOR (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

0. LINDBE'RG. 'ELEGTRIG MOTOR.

No. 585,527. Patented June 29, 1897.

4 Sheets-Sheet 44 (No Model.)

C. LINDBERG'.

I ELECTRIC MOTOR. No. 585,527. Patented June 29,1897.

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WITNESSES INVENTOR UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES LINDBERG, OF DULUTH, MINNESOTA.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 58 5,527, dated June29, 1897.

Application filed February 24,1896. $erial No. 580,603. (No model.)

To (ZZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, CHARLES LINDBERG, a citizen of the United States,residing at Duluth, in the county of St. Louis and State of Minnesota,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Motors;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates. to improvements in electric motors, and isintended more particularly for adoption in motors designed for thepropulsion of cars, carriages, and other vehicles.

The invention consists of certain novel constructions, combinations, andarrangements of parts, all of which will be hereinafter moreparticularly set forth and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure1 represents a perspective view of a motor embodying my invention. Fig.2 represents a similar view taken on the opposite side and end. Fig. 3represents a central vertical transverse section through the same. Fig.4 represents a central vertical longitudinal section through said motor.Fig. 5 represents a top plan View of one of the removablefield-magnets,showing the coil partly broken away. Fig. 6 represents anenlarged detail top plan view of the commutator-brush and support. Fig.7 represents a side elevation of the same. Fig. 8 represents an enlargeddetail top plan View of one of the removable armature-pieces beforewinding. Fig. 9 represents an enlarged detail elevation of the innerface of the forward armature-plate. Fig. 10 represents a similar view ofthe rear plate. Fig. 11 represents a detail side elevation of one of thedisks of which the armature-core is composed. Fig. 12 represents adetail side elevation of the devices for supporting and adjusting theyoke carrying the commutator-brushes, and Fig. 13 represents a top planview of the same.

A in the drawings represents the frame; A and A, the journal-boxes ateach end of the same; A the hinged top of the frame; B, the armature; O,the commutator, and D D the commutator-brushes.

The frame A is semicylindrical in form and is provided near one of itsupper edges with projecting lugs a a, that form one member of the hingethat secures the two parts of the frame together. The other member ofthe hinge comprises a lug a, formed on one of the lower edges of thesemicircular top A and adapted to fit between the lugs a a, a transversepin a passing through all of said lugs and securing them movablytogether. Removable bearing-blocks a are secured to the outer faces ofthe lugs a a and form bearings in which the axle of the car or vehicleis journaled. These bearing boxes are provided with suitable oil-boxesa, by which the axle may be lubricated.

The top A is held down firmly in position by bolts a that pass throughlugs a formed on the free edge of the said top, and into lugs orprojections a a formed on the base A. These latter lugs are providedwith pendent studs a a that are provided with circular sockets a thatreceive the upper ends of coil-springs a These springs rest upon across-bar of the truck and are secured in position by bolts 00 that passvertically through projections (4 studs a said springs, and thecross-bar, suitable nuts being provided on the lower ends of said boltsand adapted to be seated in suitable sockets in the car-truck and thussupport this side of the frame. WVhen the top is secured on the frame,as above described, a cylindrical frame is formed for the reception ofthe armature.

The removable field-magnets F are each composed of a core f and a coilf. The core comprises a segmental plate f having a longitudinalprojection f the wire f being Wound about said projection in the usualmanner for winding field magnets. Each magnet is rem ovably secured by abolt j, that passes through the top A or the frame A, as the case maybe.

It will be observed from the above that it is the work of a minute toremove and insert a magnet.

The armature 13 comprises a shaft 1), journaled in the boxes A A,core-rings b and magnets hereinafter described. The shaft Z2 isprovided'at one end with a gear-wheel 5 that imparts motion to the axleof the car through suitable intermediate gearing. (Not shown.) Thecommutator O is rigidly mounted upon the said shaft 1) and isconstructed in an y ordinary and usual manner. The said shaft 1) is alsoprovided with an annular enlargementlf, which fits into arecess b formedin the inner face of the commutator.

The armature-plate b (shown in Fig. 9) is next applied about the shaft.The core-rings b are next applied on said shaft with suitable washers ofpaper or like insulating material between them. After a sufficientnumber of washers have been built upon the shaft to form the core theyare bound tightly together by a nut N, that engages screw-threads b outabout the shaft. The forward armature-plate I) is solid and the reararmatureplate Z9 which is applied on the shaft over the nut D isformedin a number of sections, so that it maybe readily removed fromabout the shaft. The two armatureplates are provided with shallow radialgrooves Z), adapted to receive the ends of the armature-magnet cores 7L.Apertures L are formed in said plates outward from the bottom of eachgroove to receive the extended ends h of said cores 71. Each of thesecores h comprises three vertical webs h, 74 and h, spaced and connectedby a central horizontal web 7L5. The said vertical webs converge towardone edge, so that when applied about the armaturecore they will each bein a direct radial line from the center of the core. The middle web 715extends beyond the two side webs both at the ends and at the bottom, theextended ends fitting into the radial grooves of the end plates of thearmature and the extended bottom edge fitting into coinciding slots Z),cut in the peripheries of the washers b Each of the cores 7b is wound oneach side of the middle web with a coil 7L7, said coils having theirends secured in slots in the proper commutatorsections by suitablescrews, after passing through suitable radial slots I), cutin theperiphery of the forward end plate of the armature;

The flange C of the commutator contains as many slots as the front plateof the arn1aturethat is to say, each commutator-seg ment has a slot inits flange. These slots are cut the entire width of the flange, but notthe full depth of the same, and each slotis threaded to receive asuitable wire-retaining post or screw. Supposing now each of the coilsof the armature to be numbered consecutively and the slots in the frontarmature-plate and the slots in the commutator-flange to be alsoconsecutively numbered, one end of the first coil would be laid in slotNo. 1 of the commutator-flange and would lead through slot 1 of thefront armature-plate, pass the requisite number of times around thearmaturemagnet cores, thus forming the coil, and the other end of thewire would lead back through slot 1 of the front plate and cross overand be secured in slot No. 2 of the commutatorflange. \Virc No. 2 wouldstart from slot 2 of commutator-flange, pass through. slot 2 in frontplate, form coil 2 of armature, lead back through slot 2 of armaturefront plate, cross over and terminate and be secured in slot 3 ofcommutator-fiange, and so 011 around the armature. The whole machine isconnected up in series in the usual style.

The commutator-bnishes D D are mounted upon the respective ends of anadjustable yoke cl on the opposite sides of the commutator, and eachcomprises a supporting-standard (7/, connected to one end of the yoke, aframe d adjustably mounted 011 said standard, and a spring-pressedcontacting piece (7. The lower portion of each standard (1 is dividedinto two sections connected together, but out of electrical contact witheach other, by an insulating-core d. This core is adj ustably mounted inone of the sections of the standard and secured therein by a thumbscrew(1 The upper section of each standard is provided with an n pwardly-projectin g plate 62, ears (Z of the framed being secured on opposite sidesof the upper end of the same by a suitable pivotpin passed therethrough.The top of said plate and said ears (7 are each provided with a notch (Zand d (1, respectively. A spring (Z mounted on the frame (Z is adaptedto engage said notches d and (Z when in a coinciding position and thushold them so, the frame (Z when in this position holding the brushagainst the commutator. lVhen so desired, the frame may be swung up andback so as to disengage the brush from the commutator by forcing thespring out of the coinciding notches and revolving the frame on thepivot. The circuit-wire is connected to the plate d by a screw (1. Saidframe (1 comprises a hollow plate (Z having a longitudinal slot (1 inits upper side and two rearwardly-projeeting guide-arms (1 the latterbeing provided along their upper faces with recesses d. The hollowcylindrical spring-carrying frame (Z is adjustably mounted on theseguide-arms by means of laterally-projectin g arms (Z ,having aperturedheads (U through which said guide-arms pass. An adjusting-spring (Z ismounted on said frame (Z and has its free ends turned downward at rightangles and projecting through vertical apertures cut in the heads (Z soas to engage the recesses (Z and hold the frame (Z firmly in anyadjusted position. The contacting pieces (Z are adapted to slide in thehollow frames (Z and are each provided at the rear end with a projectingstem or piston-rod (Z removably secured thereto by a thumb-screw (Z Thefree end of each of these rods is provided with a piston (Z said pistonsworking in the cylindrical frames (Z and being forced forward to causethe contacting pieces to always engage the commutator with a yieldingpressure by spiral springs (Z in said cylindrical frames behind saidpistons. The slots in the upper sides of the frames (Z accommodate themove- ISO ments of the thumbscrews 1 The rear ends of the spiral springsare secured in their respective cylindrical frames at the rear by splitpins (Z that pass laterally through said frames.

It will be observed from the above that the contacting pieces can beadjusted to contact with the commutator with any degree of pressurerequired by means of the ad j ustability of the spring-carryingcylindrical frames. The brushes can also be thrown back away from thecommutator instantly by means of the pivoted connection of the frame (Zwith the supporting-plate The yoke d is mounted between guides d on theframe A and connected by binders c1 and is adapted to be rocked in saidguides by a handle (1 mounted on one of the brushsupporting standards.The yoke is provided along one of its sides with recesses (Z and isadapted to be locked in any of its adjusted positions by a screw bolt (Zthat passes through one of said guides 61 and engages any one of therecesses (Z according to the position of the yoke. This bolt is moved inand out by a worm-wheel d fast thereon. This wheel is in turn operatedby a worm shaft (Z journaled in the frame A and provided at one end witha milled wheel 01 by which it is rotated.

It will be observed from the above that the positions of the brushes maybe changed in regard to their engagement with the commutator, but thatthey always remain in the same relative position to each other as theyoke carrying them is shifted bodily.

I deem it of great importance that with my invention all the parts areremovable for repairs, and should a coil burn out or any part becomebroken or otherwise injured it can be instantly replaced independentlyof the other parts.

The magnets of the armature should be of equal capacity and contain anequal amount of wire in each. The disks forming the ar mature-core andalso the front plate and the commutator-drum are all keyed on the shaftby any suitable means.

By modifying the frame and the gear-wheel and reversing the process ofcommunicating the power the herein-described constructions aresubstantially applicable to dynamos.

Strips of wood or other suitable substance are preferably secured to thefront edge of the motor-frame cylinder for insulating purposes and toprotect the wire insulation from abrasion. Suitable grooves are out inthe same, and the wires connecting the fieldmagnets are secured to saidwooden strips in said grooves and protected by coverings of metal orwooden strips secured to the face of said first-mentioned strips.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, ise 1. In an electric motor or dynamo thecombination with a frame provided with fieldmagnets, of an armaturewithin said frame comprising a core provided with grooves in itsperiphery and independently-removable magnets arranged about the sameeach of said magnets consisting of three approximatelyvertical websconnected by an approximatelyhorizontal web so as to form a doublediverging spool, one of said vertical webs being deeper than the othersfor engaging the said grooves in the armature, to assist in holding saidmagnets in proper place, substantially as described.

2. In an electric motor or dynamo the combination of a suitable frame,field-magnets mounted thereon, an armature mounted in said frame andcomprising a shaft, insulated disks mounted thereon and grooved at theirperipheries to form longitudinal channels by a coincidence of saidgrooves and independently-removable magnets having cores formed with aprojecting longitudinal ridge adapted to take into the longitudinalchannels of the core, substantially as described.

3. In an electric motor or dynamo, a commutator-brush comprising a brushproper and a support having a notched disk, a supporting-standard havinga notched disk at is upper end on which is pivoted the first-mentioneddisk, a spring on the brush-casing having a projection adapted to engagethe said notches on the disks when they coincide and thus hold the brushin its operative position but allow it to be thrown up out of the way,at will.

4;. In. an electric motor or dynamo, the combination of a suitableframe, field-magnets mounted on the same, an armature comprising a core,a series of independently-removable coils wound on separate cores, asolid front end plate provided with radial grooves in which the forwardends of said cores are seated, a rear end plate formed in sections whichare secured to the core, and a nut mounted on the shaft for forcing allof the parts mounted thereon firmly together, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

CHARLES LINDBERG.

